3D printing technologies, also known as additive manufacturing, build parts layer by layer using digital design data.
These processes allow rapid prototyping, low-volume production, and complex geometries not achievable with traditional methods.
What Are the Main Types of 3D Printing Technologies?
There are seven primary 3D printing technologies standardized by ASTM, each using different materials and deposition techniques.
Most widely used methods:
| Technology | Method of Construction | Common Materials |
|---|---|---|
| FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) | Extrudes melted thermoplastic layer by layer | PLA, ABS, PETG |
| SLA (Stereolithography) | Cures liquid resin using a UV laser | Photopolymer resins |
| SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) | Fuses powdered material with a laser | Nylon, TPU, composite powders |
| DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) | Fuses metal powder using a laser | Titanium, stainless steel, aluminum |
| MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) | Uses inkjet array and heat to fuse powder | Nylon, PA11, PA12 |
| Binder Jetting | Deposits a binder onto powder layer | Metal, sand, ceramics |
| Laminated Object Manufacturing | Bonds and cuts layered sheets of material | Paper, plastic, metal laminates |
What Are the Advantages of 3D Printing?
3D printing enables freedom of design, fast iteration, and reduced tooling costs.
Key benefits:
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Rapid prototyping: Speeds up product development
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Complex geometry: Internal channels, lattice structures
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Low-volume production: No mold or die required
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Material efficiency: Minimal waste
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Customization: Ideal for medical, dental, and wearable devices
When Should You Use 3D Printing?
3D printing is ideal for parts that are low-volume, highly customized, or geometrically complex.
Ideal scenarios:
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Concept models or functional prototypes
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Parts with internal features or undercuts
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Lightweight designs (topology-optimized)
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Medical devices tailored to patient anatomy
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Bridge tooling before CNC or injection molding
For an in-depth look at available methods and materials, explore these 3D printing technologies.
How Does 3D Printing Compare to CNC Machining?
| Feature | 3D Printing | CNC Machining |
|---|---|---|
| Process Type | Additive | Subtractive |
| Setup Cost | Low | Medium to High |
| Material Options | Polymers, resins, metals | Metals, plastics, composites |
| Precision | ±0.1 mm (varies by method) | ±0.01 mm or better |
| Surface Finish | Often requires post-processing | Smooth with direct finishing options |
| Best For | Complex shapes, low volumes | Tight tolerances, structural strength |
Summary: 3D Printing Technology Landscape
| Technology | Best Use Case | Material Type |
|---|---|---|
| FDM | Low-cost prototypes, quick models | Thermoplastics |
| SLA | High-detail, smooth surface parts | Resins |
| SLS | Functional plastic parts, no support | Nylon, composites |
| DMLS | Metal prototyping, aerospace components | Titanium, stainless |
| MJF | Batch production of plastic parts | PA11, PA12 |
| Binder Jetting | Casting molds, full-color models | Sand, metals |